The German Cancer Research Centre has identified nail cancer as a rare form of melanoma, primarily affecting fingernails more than toenails. It is notoriously difficult to detect in its early stages, as it is often mistaken for other nail conditions.
Causes
The causes of nail cancer include genetic predisposition, excessive exposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and certain mutations that make nail cells more susceptible to cancer. It is more common among older adults and individuals with fair skin.
Symptoms
The key symptom of nail cancer is a dark stripe, typically brown or black, running vertically beneath the nail. This stripe may widen or develop an irregular appearance over time. In rare cases, the stripe can appear white.
Other symptoms include thickening, deformation, or separation of the nail from the nail bed. Small wounds or bleeding around the edge of the nail may also occur. Pain is usually a late-stage symptom, caused by the tumour’s growth, which creates pressure beneath the nail.
Treatment Options
If any of these symptoms are noticed, consulting a doctor promptly is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.
In advanced cases, amputation of the affected fingers or toes may be necessary to prevent the cancer from spreading.
Furthermore, early detection remains critical for improving outcomes and avoiding severe interventions.
