Scientists have developed a new nasal spray treatment that could help reverse brain ageing and restore memory and concentration, both of which typically decline with age. The findings offer fresh hope at a time when dementia cases are projected to double worldwide over the next four decades.
Researchers have long recognised that chronic inflammation plays a central role in brain ageing through a process known as age-related neuroinflammation. This condition can impair memory, thinking abilities and the brain’s capacity to adapt and process information efficiently.
In a study conducted by researchers at Texas A&M University, just two doses of the experimental nasal spray significantly reduced brain inflammation in ageing mice, restored cellular energy production, and led to notable improvements in memory and cognitive performance. The benefits persisted for several months following treatment.
The therapy is based on microscopic biological particles known as extracellular vesicles, which carry microRNA molecules responsible for regulating gene activity and cellular signalling within the brain. By delivering these particles through the nasal passage, researchers were able to transport them directly to the brain while bypassing its protective barrier.
The treatment also helped restore the function of mitochondria, the structures responsible for producing energy within cells. Improved mitochondrial performance enhanced the ability of brain cells to process, store, and retrieve information more effectively.
Dr Ashok Shetty, who supervised the study, said the therapy could one day provide a simple and safe alternative to invasive surgical procedures or long-term drug treatments for age-related cognitive decline.
